• In mammals meiotic maturation is the

  2022-05-17

  

  In mammals, meiotic maturation is the process that couples completion of MI with the acquisition of developmental competence to support fertilization (Figure 1). In females there are several hallmark maturation events that are linked to the cell cycle. First, meiosis is not continuous, it is initiat

• br Conclusion and perspectives Guanylyl cyclases

  2022-05-17

  

  Conclusion and perspectives Guanylyl cyclases are ubiquitous enzymes that regulate critical functions in bacteria to humans. In mammals there are seven mGCs and activators of all members have now been identified. Mutations in the genes that encode mGCs or pathologic activation of these enzymes or

• br Conclusion The following is the

  2022-05-17

  

  Conclusion The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Conflict of interest Author contributions Heart transplantation is the most important treatment for end-stage heart failure. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a common condition during transplantation surgery and is

• Main Text There are over small GTPases

  2022-05-17

  

  Main Text There are over 200 small GTPases that play critical roles in diverse fundamental cellular processes such as signal transduction, tcy australia dynamics, and intracellular trafficking. Most of the GTPases act as switch-like molecules by cycling between the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bou

• Lactate induced GPR activation was confirmed with

  2022-05-17

  

  Lactate-induced GPR81 activation was confirmed with a fluorimetric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay, in which lactate induced a [Ca2+] flux in CHO cells stably expressing Gqi5 and HA-GPR81 but not vector control (Fig. 1C). The EC50 of lactate in the FLIPR assay was 4.3±0.73mM, a value well within

• Waldeck Weiermair et al demonstrated that in endothelial

  2022-05-17

  

  Waldeck-Weiermair et al. (2008) demonstrated that in endothelial cells, the activation of GPR55 by application of 10µM anandamide resulted in a marked increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation that was evident 2min following drug activation and was sustained for up to 3h. Another example comes from our unp

• We recently reported that the human derived

  2022-05-17

  

  We recently reported that the human-derived PancCa cell line PANC-1 and the human-derived hepatocellular HepG2 cell line express GPR55 mRNA and protein [21]. In PANC-1 and HepG2 cells, knockdown of GPR55 with specific siRNAs abrogates cellular uptake of Tocrifluor 1117, a selective GPR55 ligand [21]

• Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted

  2022-05-17

  

  Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the natural medicine turmeric rhizome (Goel et al., 2008, Aggarwal and Harikumar, 2009). Studies have shown that curcumin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Larsen et al., 2007, López-Lázaro, 2008). Although c

• br A selective inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylase tr

  2022-05-16

  

  A selective inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylase, trichostatin A, reduces GnRH mRNA expression Epigenetic mechanisms controlling GnRH expression have been reported, and these mechanisms may be involved in the development and maturation of GnRH neurons in the brain (Gan et al., 2012, Kurian

• Restless running behavior was first described

  2022-05-16

  

  ‘Restless running behavior’ was first described in mice after administration of 30mg/kg i.p. ALX-5407 and was thought to be due to an augmentation of NMDA-induced dopamine activity [27]. The motor impairments caused by ALX-5407 were confirmed by Perry et al. [10] and extended to another sarcosine-de

• br Materials and Methods br Results All of the studied

  2022-05-16

  

  Materials and Methods Results All of the studied transporter genes were expressed at detectable levels in all the analyzed samples at mRNA level by means of applied rt-PCR method (CTDantrolene, sodium salt was observed for ABCC4, ABCC1, ABCG2, SLC22A3, and SLC22A18 (less than 10% of mean expr

• A number of anti diabetic drugs are available that

  2022-05-16

  

  A number of anti-diabetic drugs are available that inhibit α-glucosidase activity, including acarbose, voglibose and miglitol [6,7]. These inhibitors, however, also exhibit undesirable side effects, such as adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and liver toxicity [8,9]. For diabetics, it would therefore

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments This project was generous

  2022-05-16

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments This project was generously supported by Grünenthal GmbH and IECB. We also thank the staff members of the technical platform of IECB and Grünenthal GmbH for their availability and their skills. Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones t

• Immunohistochemistry using anti FFAR antibodies revealed imm

  2022-05-16

  

  Immunohistochemistry using anti-FFAR1 antibodies revealed immunoreactivity for FFAR1 in association with the cell membrane of the hepatocytes (Figure 2). However, the anti-FFAR2 antibody was not suitable for immunohistochemistry under the tested conditions (data not shown). Fatty liver is an import

• br Role of ferroptosis in PD

  2022-05-16

  

  Role of ferroptosis in PD Pathological progression of PD displays features that may facilitate ferroptosis induction such as elevated iron in the SNpc [49], [57], [88], [122], depleted GSH [194] and lipid peroxidation [51]. Iron chelation has been shown to mitigate the motor impairment in mouse m

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