• br Materials and methods br Results

  2024-10-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Bilateral microinjections (n = 6) of 10 mM ACh (300–500 pmol) and 5 mM physostigmine (150–250 pmol) at the two selected caudal NTS sites caused within 1 min significant increases in respiratory frequency (from 54.5 ± 1.7 to 70.9 ± 4.1 breaths/min; +30.8 ± 7.0%; P 

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervo

  2024-10-09

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• br Conclusion There have been multiple clinical trials and

  2024-10-09

  

  Conclusion There have been multiple clinical trials and pre-clinical studies that have tested the utility of 5ARIs in treating prostate disease, as summarized in Fig. 1. Inhibiting androgen action through the use of finasteride and dutasteride has been established as a valuable resource for physi

• Ertapenem sodium salt br LO and the secretase complex

  2024-10-09

  

  5LO and the γ-secretase complex Supporting this concept, during a recent trial testing the γ-secretase inhibitor semagacestat (LY 450139), AD patients actually experienced a functional decline compared to patients who took a placebo in addition to several other significant adverse effects (Doody

• CCG-100602 mg Another significant group of reductase inhibit

  2024-10-09

  

  Another significant group of 5α-reductase inhibitors is the steroidal 3-carboxylic CCG-100602 mg derivatives (relevant examples in Fig. 5), which were designed to mimic the putative enzyme-bound enolate intermediate. This was achieved by introducing sp2-hybridized centers at C3 and C4 and an anionic

• Steroidal CYP inhibitors can further be classified based

  2024-10-09

  

  Steroidal CYP17 inhibitors can further be classified based on their mode of action, namely as mechanism-based inhibitors and type I and type II competitive inhibitors [129]. Recent studies investigated other biological targets than CYP17, and some new compounds have shown interesting dual activity a

• Prostate cancer is the second leading

  2024-10-09

  

  Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States [25]. Similar to pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer has few diagnostic options available, particularly to differentiate indolent from aggressive disease. Axl is also overexpressed in ∼50% of prostate canc

• br Introduction S http www

  2024-10-09

  

  Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by anti-nuclear Pyrintegrin australia (ANA), rashes and photosensitivity, joint inflammation, nephritis, and other clinical criteria. SLE develops through the breakdown of three major checkp

• br Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH

  2024-10-09

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• Introduction Mitotic kinases play an essential role in mitos

  2024-10-09

  

  Introduction Mitotic kinases play an essential role in mitosis, Aurora and other mitotic kinases are often observed over-expression in human solid and many hematologic cancers. As one of serine/threonine kinases, Aurora kinase family is involved in centrosome maturation, mitotic spindle formation,

• In addition to drawing attention to Ser of ACL

  2024-10-09

  

  In addition to drawing attention to Ser454 of ACL as a phosphosite that is regulated by both BDK and PPM1K, our phospho-proteomics screen identified several additional sites in other proteins. For example, Ser25, Ser29, and Ser79 of the lipogenic enzyme acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) were found to

• Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of

  2024-10-09

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2024-10-09

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• br AR expression in breast

  2024-10-09

  

  AR expression in breast tissue Although androgenic signalling is chiefly associated with the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male characteristics, especially during puberty when the testes are by far the major source of testosterone, the AR also plays important functions in f

• Further validation for a role in LOX

  2024-10-09

  

  Further validation for a role in 12/15-LOX pathway in mediating adipocyte function comes from studies revealing a regulatory role of lipocalin-2 on 12/15-LOX activity. Lipocalin-2, a glycoprotein member of the lipocalin superfamily, is a novel abundant adipokine implicated in obesity-mediated inflam

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